Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Somatic diseases: in psychology, "somatic diseases" isn't a standard term. Instead, there's somatic symptom disorder, where people experience intense distress and dysfunction due to physical symptoms, even if those symptoms have no clear cause. See also Physical/psychic. _____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Psychological Theories on Somatic Diseases - Dictionary of Arguments
Corr I 205 Somatic diseases/psychological theories/Elovainio/Kivimäki: (...) in the 1700s and 1800s, psychological explanations, including personality, were used mainly if there was no evident physiological mechanism found for a somatic disease (for a review see Ravaja 1996)(1)). Today, a large body of evidence suggests that psychological factors may have a role in many somatic health problems involving inflammatory and cardiovascular disease processes (Hemingway and Marmot 1999(2); Miller, Markides, Chiriboga and Ray 1996(3); Schneiderman 1987(4); Smith 1992(5)). The psychological factors were expected to be linked to somatic health without any complicated mechanisms and the psychosomatic diseases were proposed to be caused by specific psychological problems or conflicts, as defined for instance by psychodynamic theories (Lipowski 1984)(6). Later research suggests that this is clearly an oversimplified view. [The] growth of scientific activity has led, however, to a more and more fragmented picture of the field. Problems: First, although there is a growing consensus about the structure of personality traits at the higher-order level, as defined by the Big Five in adulthood or by temperament theories (Buss, Plomin and Willerman 1973(7); Cloninger, Svrakic and Przybeck 1993(8)) in childhood, much of the current research about personality and health focuses on single, lower-order traits (e.g., hostility) without examining those traits in relation to other traits. The second problem in the field relates to the lack of a conceptual model of the evidently complex interaction process between personality and health. Corr I 206 Thirdly, personality researchers have used a large number of measures and scales to describe individual differences between people in a wide variety of ways. This has contributed to a situation where coherent scientific evidence cumulates extremely slowly compared to the amount of scientific activity in the field. Finally, the fragmented picture of the scientific activities in psychosomatic research also reflects its background as a mixture of two different scientific traditions: medicine and behavioural sciences. Cf. >Stress/psychological theories. Corr I 209 An important set of theories is based on the idea that personality, as part of the emotional reaction or behaviour pattern, induces direct biological and physiological changes or reactions with potential pathophysiological pathophysiological consequences. >Personality, >Personality traits. A. Direct effect models: (Krantz and Manuck 1984(9); Schneiderman 1987)(10), (Besedovsky, del Rey, Klusman et al. 1991(11); Besedovsky, Herberman, Temoshok and Sendo 1996(12); Maier and Watkins 1998)(13); (e.g., Baum and Nesselhof 1988(14); Baum and Posluszny 1999(15); Cohen, Tyrrell and Smith 1991(16); Kiecolt-Glaser and Glaser 1999(17); Kiecolt-Glaser, Marucha, Malarkey et al. 1995)(18). According to the reactivity hypothesis, there are significant differences in physiological reactivity that are related to personality factors (Miller, Smith, Turner et al. 1996)(19). Structural weakness hypothesis: many of the personality-related features, such as shyness and hostility, share the same genetic or biological background with some physiological problems that are related to or even cause somatic health problems. (Cloninger, Svrakic and Przybeck 1993)(20) temperament theory or the theory of Buss, Plomin and Willerman (1973)(21). Corr I 211 B. Direct effect models: e.g. (Miller, Smith, Turner et al. 1996)(19). Health and disease are influenced by behaviours that convey risks or protect against them. Less studied and more controversial than those described above is the selection hypothesis proposing that psychological factors, such as personality, may be associated with selection of people to health risk environments or situations (Kivimäki, Virtanen, Elovainio and Vahtera 2006)(22). 1. Ravaja, N. 1996. Psychological antecedents of metabolic syndrome precursors in the young. Helsinki: Yliopistopaino 2. Hemingway, H. and Marmot, M. 1999. Evidence based cardiology: psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease. Systematic review of prospective cohort studies, British Medical Journal 318: 1460–7 3. Miller, T. Q., Markides, K. S., Chiriboga, D. A. and Ray, L. A. 1995. A test of the psychosocial vulnerability and health behaviour models of hostility: results from an 11-year follow-up study of Mexican Americans, Psychosometric Medicine 57: 572–81 4. Schneiderman, M. A. 1987. Mortality experience of employees with occupational exposure to DBCP, Archives of Environmental Health 42: 245–7 5. Smith, T. W. (1992). Hostility and health: current status of a psychosomatic hypothesis, Health Psychology 11: 139–50 6. Lipowski, Z. J. 1984. What does the word ‘psychosomatic’ really mean? A historical and semantic inquiry, Psychosomatic Medicine 46: 153–71 7. Buss, A. H., Plomin, R. and Willerman, L. 1973. The inheritance of temperaments, Journal of Personality 41: 513–24 8. Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M. and Przybeck, T. R. 1993. A psychobiological model of temperament and character, Archives of General Psychiatry 50: 975–90 9. Krantz, D. S. and Manuck, S. B. 1984. Acute psychophysiologic reactivity and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review and methodologic critique, Psychological Bulletin 96: 435–64 10. Schneiderman, M. A. 1987. Mortality experience of employees with occupational exposure to DBCP, Archives of Environmental Health 42: 245–7 11. Besedovsky, H. O., del Rey, A., Klusman, I., Furukawa, H., Monge Arditi, G. and Kabiersch, A. 1991. Cytokines as modulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 40: 613–18 12. Besedovsky, H. O., Herberman, R. B., Temoshok, L. R. and Sendo, F. 1996. Psychoneuroimmunology and cancer: fifteenth Sapporo Cancer Seminar, Cancer Research 56: 4278–81 13. Maier, S. F. and Watkins, L. R. 1998. Cytokines for psychologists: implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behaviour, mood, and cognition, Psychological Review 105: 83–107 14. Baum, A. and Nesselhof, S. E. 1988. Psychological research and the prevention, etiology, and treatment of AIDS, American Psychologist 43: 900–6 15. Baum, A. and Posluszny, D. M. 1999. Health psychology: mapping biobehavioural contributions to health and illness, Annual Review of Psychology 50: 137–63 16. Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A. and Smith, A. P. 1991. Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold, New England Journal of Medicine 325: 606–12 17. Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. and Glaser, R. 1999. Chronic stress and mortality among older adults, Jama 282: 2259–60 18. Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Marucha, P. T., Malarkey, W. B., Mercado, A. M. and Glaser, R. 1995. Slowing of wound healing by psychological stress, Lancet 346: 1194–6 19. Miller, T. Q., Smith, T. W., Turner, C. W., Guijarro, M. L. and Hallet, A. J. 1996. A meta-analytic review of research on hostility and physical health, Psychological Bulletin 119: 322–48 20. Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M. and Przybeck, T. R. 1993. A psychobiological model of temperament and character, Archives of General Psychiatry 50: 975–90 21. Buss, A. H., Plomin, R. and Willerman, L. 1973. The inheritance of temperaments, Journal of Personality 41: 513–24 22. Kivimäki, M., Virtanen, M., Elovainio, M. and Vahtera, J. 2006. Personality, work, career and health, in L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio and R. J. Rose (eds.), Socioemotional Development and Health from Adolescence to Adulthood, pp. 328–42. New York: Cambridge University Press Marko Elovainio and Mika Kivimäki, “Models of personality and health”, in: Corr, Ph. J. & Matthews, G. (eds.) 2009. The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Psychological Theories Corr I Philip J. Corr Gerald Matthews The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology New York 2009 Corr II Philip J. Corr (Ed.) Personality and Individual Differences - Revisiting the classical studies Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne 2018 |
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> Counter arguments in relation to Somatic Diseases
